Intensive Care Medicine (ICM) Practice Exam

Which methods can help prevent thromboembolic diseases in immobile patients?

1. Excessive bed rest

2. Lifting weights

3. Compression stockings

4. High-sugar diets

The correct answer is: Compression stockings

Preventing thromboembolic diseases, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), is critical in managing immobile patients, as immobility significantly increases the risk of these conditions. One effective method to mitigate this risk is the use of compression stockings. Compression stockings work by providing graduated pressure to the lower limbs, which helps improve venous return, thereby reducing venous stasis—the stagnation of blood flow that can lead to clot formation. By applying consistent pressure on the legs, these stockings enhance circulation and help prevent the pooling of blood in the veins, making them a valuable intervention for immobile patients. In contrast, excessive bed rest could exacerbate the risk of thromboembolic diseases, as it contributes to immobility rather than alleviating it. Lifting weights, while beneficial for overall physical fitness, is generally not feasible for patients who are immobile or bedridden. High-sugar diets do not have a direct effect on preventing thromboembolic diseases and may even contribute to other health complications. Therefore, compression stockings emerge as a targeted approach to prevent thromboembolic diseases in patients who are unable to move freely.